It often seems like the only people that don't buy life insurance
are the ones who actually need it most. It's depressing when I meet
with a widow or widower and learn of their terrible financial position
due to the loss of a loved one. I had the pleasure of serving on the
board of a local non-profit which provides grief support for those
who have lost a loved one, so I have unique perspective in this area
beyond just life insurance. The financial challenges of losing a loved one for young people and
older people are similar yet different. Similar because it ultimately
boils down to cash flow, but the cash flow covers different needs.
Younger peoples have children to provide for and also tend to have more
debt. But retirees can also run into trouble if they haven't saved well
enough. That's because the smaller of their Social Security benefits
will go away. If you depend on both partners' Social Security, it can be
costly and painful to lose the smaller of the two.
How to Estimate Your Life Insurance Needs
So how much insurance is needed? For most families, I use three simple factors: debt, education, and income replacement.
The debt is simple. Just add up your mortgage, credit cards, and other debts. Some mortgage with Mortgage Reducing Term Assurance (MRTA)
are forgiven upon death, but privately funded loans will still need to
be paid back. I think it is important to have all the debt settled to
improve cash flow and eliminate the emotional toll debt can leave us
with when someone passes away. The emotional distress on a family after a
loss is hard enough.
For education, figure approximately 30,000 per year per child for local college's tuition and living expenses in 2013. I like to see college 100% funded
through life insurance, the education of your children is the foundation
of your legacy!
Income replacement is a bit misleading because I don't really care
how much you make, rather it's how much you spend. We need at least
five years of support, but 10 years is optimal. If you have young
children, don't forget that social security will chip in until they're age 18 if you have earned enough, nor until they reach age 25.
As an example, let's look at a family of four with a 300,000
mortgage and two young children. The husband makes 100,000 annually and
the wife stays at home with kids, their cost of living is 3,000 per
month after taxes. This family has 300,000 in debt and are estimating 240,000 in education funding (30,000 x 4 years = 120,000 per child). So the
income replacement needed is 360,000 or 3,000 per month for ten years.
The total life insurance coverage that the husband needs is 900,000. Even though the wife is not working, the potential life insurance need for her would be about 540,000. Even though the household
income is not tied to her, we still want to have the mortgage and
education taken care of in the event of premature death.
My philosophy for life insurance coverage is to keep it simple and
load up on a large amount of insurance at the lowest price possible with a high-quality carrier. In general, most people are
under-insured. Please consider your needs by following my formula
illustrated above: debt, education, and income replacement. You will be
surprised how inexpensive it is to fully protect your family!